Improvement in chur



A. WESTCOTT.

Churn.

Patented March 15, 1864.

and use my invention, I will proceed to deof the'churn,'(marked L, Fig. 1,) slidinginto a rraE] STATES ATENT- frr-rcn.

AMOS wnsroorr, 0r,s,.YaAc s ew YORK.

i'MPRov'EMENfi" IN ,cHuaNsi I Specification forming part of Letters Fatent No. 411,954, dated lvlarch 15, 1 864.

To aZZ whom it may concern: 5

Be it known that LAMos WEsTcoTT, of! Syracuse, .in .the county of Onondaga and 5 State of New York, haveinvented a new and Improved Churn and Butter-Worker; and I do "hereby declare that the following isa full and exact description thereof, referencegbeing had to the accompanying drawings, and to the i letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in con- 1 structing a churn in which milk orv cream can be churned in the shortest time, and, in addi-v tion to this, one in which the butter can .be. thoroughly worked over without removing it from the churn.

To enable others skilled in the art tomake scribe its construction and operation. v

A, Figure 1, represents the box or body of the churn, which I construct in any. of the ordinary forms, with one side thereof removedin part to show the construction of the internal parts.

- C, Fig. 1, represents'the driving-wheel, (to. which is attached the crank G,) which gears into and drives the pinion-wheel. marked D, Fig. 1, by which the shaft in the inside of the churn, (marked .13, Fig. 1, is turned.) This driving-wheel 0, Fig. 1, also turns a blower, (marked E, Fig. 1,) by means ofthe fricti0nroller marked F, Fig. 1, which presses. against the outside of the rim of the wheel 0. This blower E, Fig. 1, is employed to force air into the body of the churn, and is placed upon thelid groove made for that purpose, and can easily. be detached from it; The internalconstruction of the churn is more clearly. shown in Fig. 2, in which A represents apart of theside of the box or body of the churn, to which are attached the stationary dashers b l) b b- These stationary dashers are made of the same shape as the dasher-paddles, which are attached to the shaft hereinafter described, and are fastened to the side of the body of the churn at a distance from the bottom of it about-equal to their own length. I construct the shaft B, Fig. 2, of some hard wood of suitable size, and of the same length as the inside of the body of the churn, with a metal ferrule uponeachend of it, (marked H H, Fig. 2.) These ferrules are each -cast with four short hollowarms, (marked 0 0 0 0, .Fig. 2,) in which are inserted the ,dasherpaddles a a a a, Fig. 2,

and these ferrules each have in their outer end a groove, one of which is marked M, Fig.

= in Fi 3, iii whiehil represcnts one of the rectangular barsabovcimentioned.) Each of these rectangular..bars-thas at onecnd' a T-shaped head, which preventstheshaft marked B, Fig. 3, from slipping too far into;the .churn, and at the other en d ..a-s lot ,cutacrossgthebar, (marked B, Fig. 3,) into, which turns,thecirculanheaded lever J, Fig. 3,:thus firmlyholdingg theshai't in its proper place. In 1the-circular head of the lever J, Fig. 3, thereis anotch cutto correspond with the groove in-tl1e end of the ferrule E, into which therectangular barJI, Fig. 3, slips, andwhen this lever'is turned so that the notch and groove exactly meet,.the,-end' of the shaft B can beeasily raised. Both endsof the shaft B are constructed alike, each having a groove in the outer end .of its ferrule, into which slips a rectangular bar, and they are both fastened in place by a circular-headed lever like the one above described. I

1 In constructing the dasher-padd-les marked a a a, &c.. Fig. 2, I take a rectangular. piece of wood about one inch thick and two or more inches wide, and long enough to make the dasher-paddles. so that their ends will just clear the sides and bottom of the box or body of the churn, when the shaft into which they are set is in place in the churn. One edge or face of these dasher-paddles I leave untouched, (marked cl d d d, Fig. 2,) which is a simple fiat face. The opposite edge or face, commencing near the shaft 13, Fig. 2, l cut away in a c'urved'line, until at its outer end it-is brought to a point, or nearly so, as shown in Fig. 2. I then pare away from each side of this curved face-until it-is brought down to a blunt edge throughout its whole length.

The stationary paddles b b b, Fig.

2, above mentioned, are made of the same shape. The-- dasher-paddles, which are'inserted into the hollow arms 0 0 0, Fig. 2, of the ferrules H E, Fig. 2, at each end of the shaft B, I only pare away upon their inner sides, sothat bringing them .to a blunt edge inthat way their outer sides will move close to the ends of the body hollow arms 0 0 o are set directly around the.

shaft at each end, their outer sides being in the same vertical plane, while the remaining dasher-paddles (marked a a a a, Fig. 2) are set spirally about the shaft B, Fig. 2.

The stationary paddles, or dashers, rather, (marked b b b b, Fig. 2,) are so placedas to allow thedasherpaddles attached to the shaft B, Fig. 2, (marked a a a a, Fig. 2,) to pass between them when the shaft is turned. These stationary dashers b b b b, Fig. 2, are placed with their flat faces up toward the top of the body of the churn, and their curved edges toward the bottom of the churn, and may be fastened to theside of the body of the churn, as in the drawings, orto a separate slide which can be slipped in close to the side of the body of the churn in a groove cut in each of the ends of the body for that purpose. The dasher-paddles marked a a a a, Fig. 2, are all set in the shaft B, Fig. 2, so that when the shaft.

is turned in one direction their flat faces will meet the flat faces of the stationary dashers b b b b, Fig. 2, and when the shaft is turned in theopposite direction their curved edges will meet the curved edges of the stationary dashers above mentioned.

In the end of the box or body of the churn opposite the gear or driving wheel (marked 0,

Fig. 1) I insert a short shaft with the rectangular bar I, Fig. 3, firmly attached to its inner end, and with its outer end squared to just fit the same crank, G, which is shown in Fig. 1,

attached to the driving-wheel C, so that the same crank can be used upon either end at pleasure. This is more fully shown in Fig. 4, in which A represents a part of the end of the body of the churn with the shaft B in place, and the short shaft B with its outer end squared and the crank G upon it. The short shaftB has a circular head upon its inner end, which is let into the inner side of the end of the churn-body, so that no part of it shall project into the body of the churn, but be exactly even with the inner side of the end of body of the churn, as shown by B, Fig. 3. The inner end of the short shaft of the pinionwheel marked D, Fig. 1, is constructed in the same way.

Fig. 5 represents a portion of the lid of the churn, with the hole P, for the admission of air into the churn.

The operation of the churn is as follows: The cream or milk being placed in the box or body of the churn, the dasher-shaft B, Fig. 2, is put into the churn so that the flat faces of 'dasher-paddles a a a a, Fig. 2, attached to the shaft, shall meet when turned in one direction the flat faces of the stationary dashers b i b b b, Fig. 2, and so that the groove at each end of the shaft B, Fig. 2, shall slip upon one of the rectangular bars marked 1, Fig. 3, and it is then fastened in place by the two circular headed levers, one of which is marked J, Fig. 3, being turned into the slots cut in one end of these rectangular bars, (shown at It, Fig. 3.) The crank G is then placed upon the driving wheel, as shown in Fig. 1, and the shaft marked B, Fig. 2, so turned thereby that the flat faces of the 'dasher-paddles a a a, Fig 2,

shall meet the flat faces of the stationary dashers b b b b, Fig. 2, and this is continued until the butter has come. The buttermilk then being drawn off, the crank G, Fig. 1, is removed from the driving-wheel G, and is placed upon the short shaft B at the opposite end of the churn, as shown in Fig. 4, and the shaft B, Fig. 2, turned in the opposite direction, so that the curved edges of the dasherpaddles an a a, Fig. 2, will meet the curved edges of the stationary dashers b b b b, Fig. 2, in which way the butter is worked over.

It will be seen that when the shaft. B, Fig. 2, is turned in the direction last described the dasher-paddles a a a a, Fig. 2, must, owing to their shape, pass through the mass of butter to be worked over with a drawing out, while the stationary dashers b b b b, Fig. 2, will pre vent the mass of butter being carried round with the shaft B, Fig. 2, at each revolution.

It will also be seen that since these dasherpaddles a a a. a, Fig. 2, are each about one inch in thickness upon one face and are reduced to an edge upon the other face, when this edge is pressed against the mass of butter the butter must be forced or pressed together upon each side of the dasher-paddle as it is driven through it, and that thus the buttermilk will be pressed out. When this has been done sufficiently, the salt is sprinkled in and the shaft B, Fig. 2, turned for a little-time in the same direction, when the whole operation of churning, working over, and salting butter will have been satisfactorily performed.

The object of so constructing the churn that the crank G, Fig. 1,,can be used atpleasure, either when attached to the driving-wheel G, as shown in Fig. 1, or by attaching it direct to the shaft at the opposite end of the churn, as shown in Fig 4, will be obvious to any one familiar with theproccss of butter churningand working, and to those not so familiarit may be stated, as follows It will be; found in practice oftentimes difficult, and in some cases impossible, to force the da-sher-paddles through the mass of butter, especially when it is quite cold, with the crank attached to the drivingwheel, as shown in Fig. 1, while it can be done with comparative case when the crank is attached to the end of the shaft, as shown in Fig. 4.

I do not claim as 'my invention the body of the churn, the blower, or the use of sta Eonary dashers or movable dasher-paddles 5 What I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The use of dasher'paddles of theform above described, in combination with'lthe other parts of the churn, as above described.

2. The use of stationary dashers of the form above described, in combination with the other parts of the churn, as above described.

3. The use of the dasher-paddles marked a a a a, Fig. 2, so constructed and attached to the shaft B, Fig. 2, as to move close to the inner sides of the ends of the box of the churn, essentially as above described, in combination with the other parts of the churn, as above described.

4. The method of constructing, attaching, and securing in place the shaft B, Fig.2, so that the same crank can be used upon either I AMOS WESTCOTT.

Witnesses E. G. SPAULIDING, S. M. NASH. 

